South Korea's expanded espionage law takes effect amid push to protect chip technology

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SynopsisThe National Assembly passed the revised Criminal Act on February 26 after years of criticism that existing laws ‌were ill-suited to ⁠punish ⁠technology and industrial espionage involving non-North Korean actors.

AgenciesSouth Korea's expanded espionage law takes effect on Sunday, broadening espionage ​offences beyond acts involving North Korea ​to include all foreign countries as Seoul seeks to protect ​key technologies amid intensifying competition in semiconductors and other strategic industries.

The National Assembly passed the revised Criminal Act on February 26 after years of criticism that existing laws ‌were ill-suited to ⁠punish ⁠technology and industrial espionage involving non-North Korean actors.

The amendment creates a new offence covering espionage for ​a foreign country or equivalent organisation, carrying a minimum sentence of three years in prison. Existing ​provisions for espionage benefiting an "enemy state" remain in place.

Under the previous law, espionage charges generally applied only to acts benefiting North Korea, forcing prosecutors in many ​cases involving foreign governments or companies to rely on ⁠other industrial ‌technology or trade-secret laws.

The National Intelligence Service welcomed the amendment ​when it ​was passed, saying it would strengthen South Korea's ability to ⁠prevent leaks of strategic technologies such as semiconductors, displays, batteries ​and AI.

Legal and security experts cited the change as ​closing a longstanding loophole that often left advanced industrial technology leak cases subject to lighter penalties, with supporters arguing it will strengthen deterrence against industrial espionage.

The amendment was promulgated on March 12 and takes effect after a six-month grace period on September 13.

The change follows high-profile technology leak cases, including the indictment ‌last year of five former Samsung Electronics employees accused of transferring key dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) chip technology to Chinese memory maker CXMT. Samsung ​and CXMT ​did not comment at ⁠the time.

Asked whether the law, which does not specify any country, could be seen as targeting Beijing, Chinese foreign ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said China requires its ​enterprises to conduct international cooperation in accordance with international rules and laws. "At the same time, to this end, we believe that all countries should safeguard the normal investment and business activities of enterprises and provide a fair, just, and non-discriminatory business environment," Mao told a regular news briefing on Friday.

Read more news onSouth Korea espionage lawtechnology espionagechip technology protectionindustrial espionage preventionsemiconductor industry

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